War I And World War II - 1154 Words

War. The word alone conveys images of destruction and death. First, it is important to define war. War is armed conflict between governments in which 1,000 people are killed yearly. In the last century there have been hundreds of wars, but only World War I and World War II were fought on a global scale between major powers. The Cold War almost pitted the Soviet Union against the United States, but a war by definition never occurred. In his essay â€Å"War Has Almost Ceased to Exist: An Assessment,† John Mueller considers several factors for why there have been no wars between major international powers. Mueller, argues that since 1945, the main reason for the lack of war between major powers is due to a change in attitude. Yes, a change in†¦show more content†¦charter states that â€Å"all members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against... any state†.2 Founded right after WWII the United Nations main goal was to pr event another World War. All of the aforementioned international organizations serve as a grand stage for dialogue between nations. Article 10 of the U.N. charter â€Å"authorizes the Assembly to discuss any questions or any matters of concern to the U.N.†.3 By allowing all members of the United Nations to voice concerns this helps to avoid conflict among major international actors. It is far more difficult to engage in a war between two superpowers when nations are divided between these powerful alliances. The most important body of the U.N., the security council has six permanent members. These six members are China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States main goal is to maintain international peace. By having these six powerful countries on the security council a major conflict is unlikely to take place. With alliances more present such as NATO countries are not as likely to engage a member country. This is because if a country attacked a member country then they would also face military engagement with all members of the alliance. Lastly, the U.N. security council has the power to put economic sanctions against a country. These sanctions can hinder economic growth of a

The Immigration And Refugee Policies - 1191 Words

This paper will examine the immigration and refugee policies applied to Cubans and Salvadorans from the late-20th century, marking the initial surge of migrants from this region to the United States. The main reason that led to differences between Salvadoran and Cuban granted refugee status in the U.S. was the fact that Salvadorans were fleeing violence of regimes that the U.S. supported while Cubans were fleeing the U. S’s primary enemy, communism. This in turn led to different integration processes and acceptance into the state. The U. S’s Cold War policies of preventing the spread of communism depended on the U.S.’s Military interventions. However, the U.S. military occupations did not lead to democratic governments and more†¦show more content†¦President Ronald Reagan argued that this threatened the U.S. way of life and hemisphere as a whole and on May 9, 1984 addressed U.S. foreign policy allowing Cubans to come into the state as â€Å"political refugees† (Guerra,331). For the U.S. government, Cuban emigrants provided the rationale for continuing foreign policy aimed at containing communism and expanding the forces needed for battle (Guerra,340). Among the waves of Cubans who migrated to the United States, those who were benefited the most were the the elite and working class (Pedraza,265). Being made up of the upper class that had a good education and expertise resulted in a warm welcome and substantial economic opportunities. Cubans enjoyed near automatic entrance in the the U.S. through President Lyndon Johnson’s â€Å"open door† policy that allowed the entrance of refugees from communism. Under this joint policy the U.S. and Cuban government set up Freedom Flights that daily brought in Cubans for eight years which totaled more than 250,000 people (Pedraza,313). These social classes enjoyed automatic permanent residency status and additional benefits such as food, cash allotments, Cubans-only education programs, and other privileges never extended to other immigrants or minority groups. However, the third wave of migrants, the Marielitos, instead of being welcomed like they were in the past 20 years, the U.S. focused inordinately on the criminal element (Pedraza,270). This group

Dream Destination Free Essays

What would be your dream destination if you do not need to worry about the budget and time? Sun, sand and sea, a thousand ‘Robinson Crusoe’ islands, massive lagoons with different depths and infinite shades of blue and turquoise, dazzling underwater coral gardens; a perfect natural combination for the ideal tropical holiday destination. However there is more to the Maldives than just that. Mal Dives comprises 1,190 coral islands, forming an archipelago of 26 major atolls on Southwest of Sri Lanka, on the equator. We will write a custom essay sample on Dream Destination or any similar topic only for you Order Now It stretches 820 kilometres north to south and 120 kilometres east to west. 02 are inhabited, 87 are exclusive resort islands. The weather there is generally warm and humid. There are sun shines all year through, and the average temperature is around 29 – 32 degrees Celsius. The origins of the Maldivians are lost in antiquity, but history reveals that the islands have been populated for over 3,000 years ago. Early settlers were travelers on the Silk Route and from the Indus Valley Civilization. Inherently warm, friendly and hospitable by nature, it is easy to feel comfortable and relaxed with a Maldivian. A proud history and rich culture evolved from the first settlers who were from various parts of the world travelling the seas in ancient times. The Maldives has been a melting pot of different cultures as people from different parts of the world came here and settled down. Some of the local music and dance for instance resemble African influences, with handbeating of drums and songs in a language that is not known to any but certainly represents that of East African countries. As one would expect there is a great South Asian influence in some of the music and dancing and especially in the traditional food of the Maldivians. However many of the South Asian customs especially with regard to women are not tenets of life here – for instance, the Sub Continent’s tradition of secluding women from public view. In fact women play a major role in society – not surprising considering the fact men spend the whole day out at sea fishing. Many of the traditions are strongly related to the seas. Dhivehi is the language spoken in all parts of the Maldives. English is widely spoken by Maldivians and visitors can easily make themselves understood getting around the capital island. In the resorts, a variety of languages are spoken by the staff including English, German, French, Italian and Japanese. After a quick look at Mal Dives’ geography, climate, origins, cultures and languages, it’s time for me to tell you my personal reason to choose Mal Dives as my dream destination. The Beaches in the Maldives are spectacular. Families spend their time there with for relaxation, and couples might go there for honey mood. I am so interested in some of the resorts which are built right on the sea. It arouses my desire to jump into the sea in the morning and I am sure I can stay in the resort for a whole day. Another special activity is scuba diving. Maldives is treasured as one of best diving destinations, it is the place where a diver’s dream come true. Diving Safaris will lead you to exciting spots hardly ever visited before. It is the best opportunity to discover the breathtaking beauty of the fascinating underwater kingdom known as the best underwater scenery in the world. And, since I enjoy taking pictures, I will try to fill my photo albums with photos of Mal Dives. I believe the natural beautiful scenes of Mal Dives will impress my friends and family. Maybe I will even try to take pictures underwater. Hopefully I will get the chance to take some pictures with mermaids. Although I don’t have to worry about budget and time, I still have to plan my schedule for the trip to Mal Dives. I think I am going to spend at least 5 days 4 nights there with an important person of mine. I plan to make this trip romantic for my girl as I wish to win her heart successfully. The first 2 nights I will choose to stay in Olhuveli Beach Spa Resort, and I intend to stay at the Honeymoon Water Villa. During the stay at Olhuveli, we can do many kinds of water sports there such as windsurfing or kite boarding. Later, we will go to a sun spa to relax. The magnificent Sun Spa at Olhuveli takes an integrated and holistic approach to your health, providing holistic treatments for your body, mind and spirit. Then, the rest of the holidays I will be in Soneva Fushi in Mal Dives. The reason I choose this resort is that it features its jungle and beach-side location. It is so unique that everything there seems to be made of wood. I am looking forward to walking in the forest in the early morning before breakfast. Later, I will stay around the pool for the rest of the morning. Later, after taking a nap in the wood house, we will do cycling before dinner to end the day. However, Mal Dives is cursed with mounting evidence of an environmental catastrophe. Government scientists fear the sea level is rising up to 0. 9cm a year, and the Maldives could become uninhabitable within 100 years. What we can do to help Mal Dives is to reduce the emission of greenhouse gas such as using appliances efficiently, and avoiding using plastic bags from grocery stores. It is important to protect and conserve such a beautiful place as Mal Dives. To sum up, as the topic says, I chose Mal Dives to be my dream destination since I don’t have to worry about the budge and time. However, I might need to work on my languages (for example, to learn some Dhivehi, and most importantly, improve my English. ) Anyhow, I believe I am already one step closer to my dream destination. I thank Wells for giving me the opportunity to engage myself in the research on Mal Dives and to learn some English when writing this speech. This is really a great practice. Thank you for listening. Resource: http://www. visitmaldives. com/ http://www. olhuveli. com/ http://www. sixsenses. com/soneva/ How to cite Dream Destination, Papers

Corporations Journal Diversity Management â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: Who Are The Non Executive Members Of The Management In A Global Team? What Role Do They Play In The Team? Does Their Role Have Any Connection With The Issues That Occurs In A Global Team? Is It Possible For Them To Address Minimize The Negative Impact Overcome The Challenges? What Skills Do They Require To Address The Issues Faced? What Is The Importance Of Non Executive Member Of The Management That Are The Team Members Of A Global Team? Answers: Introduction Global team is a combination of workers across the temporal, cultural and geographical boundaries and brought together in a single framework. Multinational companies use it as a solution to Human Resource aiming to increase the performance. Integration of employees from different ethnic background provides innovative ideas and different approaches to any particular issue. Multiple dimensions of a single issue help in effective targeting of the market. Despite of the advantages identified, various issues occur in managing a global team. A number of researches are reviewed in the literature review section to identify and evaluate the challenges faced by the multinational enterprises in the management. The impact of cultural diversity and international HRM is also highlighted. A hypothesis is formulated from the study with research questions to address the gap found in literature. A detailed description of methodologies is proposed to carry out the research process with limitations and research time schedule. Project Objective To identify the challenges faced by the management To identify the mechanism of virtuality management and cultural diversity management To identify the advantages and impact of IHRM implication Project Scope The scope of the project is good and the project is focused on the challenges faced by the multinational companies in managing their global team. In spite of having positive impact on the organization and increase the work efficiency, it demonstrates some major challenges due to the diverse culture and communication gap. Research can be carried out focusing on these topics. Definition of Global team The contribution of the formation of global team goes to globalization. This is a geographically dispersed virtual workforce that serves as the principle vehicle of business organizations achieving the global efficiency. Global teams are formed with an idea to resolve the issues like diversified target audience demand, converging markets, and resource allocation faced by multinational enterprises. Dixon (2008) defined global team as a dispersed, multicultural virtual team. Internationalization of business has led the global team to proliferate best operations and practices in the global market. According to Araujo (2009), sustainability and growth can be achieved using global team to manage and execute the complex strategic interventions. Significant management is essential for a global team to address the challenges faced due to virtual communication and diversified cultural accumulation. Managing Virtuality and Cultural Diversity in global teams Addressing the human resource management of a global team is considerably different and more difficult compared to the traditional teams (Hansen, Hop and Moehler 2012). Various methods have been proposed by different scholars over time that are put under two broad selections. They are: Mechanism for Managing virtuality Barriers in interaction between the team members due to the virtual communication needs to be managed in an efficient order to avoid possible issues that might rise between the team members that has negative impact on its efficiency. Three possible ways of managing the virtuality is possible to identify from the present literature. Transactive Memory System: This is a system used in knowledge and information sharing between the members of a global team. A team with developed TMS shows greater result in accurate transaction of information within the virtual team that has positive impact on output (Hansen, Hope and Moehler 2012). Psychologically safe communication Climate: Managers can utilize the PSCC as an effective tool for negotiation of adverse effect of vituality of global terms (Gibson and Gibbs 2006). Developing Trust: Trust can be a major issue in any team. Hence, the trust build up is essential for the case virtual team members to ensure collaboration and operate without disruption (Kelly 2011). Mechanism for managing cultural diversity Cultural diversity of the global teams can both have positive and negative impact. A proper collaboration is essential between the team members to generate positive effect, failure of which can have devastating effect. Different researchers have proposed various mechanisms for effective management of the global team. Those with importance are mentioned bellow. Cultural Intelligence: It is mandate for the leaders to develop cultural intelligence to succeed in the cross-cultural team management. It helps to increase the interaction between the team members (Magdaleno and Kleiner, 2016). Cultural Agility: The contribution of cultural agility is visible in the grounds of flexibility and performance of the group. It should be a desired skill for the management personnel working with a global team (Caligiuri 2012). Global Mindset: It is a mechanism used in influencing the sense of responsibility of the global team members avoiding the cultural barriers. Challenges in Managing Global Team Several challenges have been identified by different scholars that are geographical separation, sharing knowledge across the globe, managing time and attention, and cultural differences. It is primarily due to the dispersed team. These challenges are possible to meet with the mechanism proposed above (Orhan 2014). Implication of IHRM Responsibility of the international human resource management is to address and overcome the challenges mention above. The key role of an IHRM is to train the global team members and leaders to develop their transactive memory system, psychologically safe communication climate and trust. The use of IHRM can reflect potential benefit in increasing the performance of a global team (Palthe 2014). Literature Gap The existing researches fail to link the financial and non-financial factors that plays vital role in global team management where research can be carried out. Moreover, these researchers primarily focused on the leaders and managers to address the challenges that affect the efficiency of the global team. However, no research gave importance in the employee level and their skills that are essential part of the global team. Hence, it is important to address the mentioned areas. Hypothesis H0: Non executive team members of global team plays important role in managing the emerging challenges H1: Non executive team members of global team plays no as such role in team management and addressing the challenges Research Questions Research questions are compared with the compass of researchers as it guides the research and drives it to the proper direction preventing it from going off track. There are two types of research questions that are primary and secondary research questions. Primary questions searches for the end result. Whereas, the secondary questions are formed in order to obtain the answer for the primary question. Qualitative and Quantitative Research Qualitative research methods focuses on the non countable data acquisition whereas, quantitative methods addresses the countable data. The methods are overlapping and used for both types of data collection. The selected methods for obtaining data are discussed bellow. Sampling and Sample Size These are used for collecting both types of data. The method used for selecting target population is called sampling. Whereas, the number of samples collected for the research is called sample size (Marshall et al. 2013). Data Collection Method Primary and secondary data collection method is the two types under this section. If the data source is primary, such as CEO of a company, it is primary data, whereas, if it is literature, the data is called secondary (McDonald et al. 2013). Research Instrument The tools utilized for the purpose of data collection are referred as research instrument. These can be interview, questionnaire reading and many more (Schaufeli,Maslach and Marek 2017). Interview and Questionnaire Design Both the designs are similar and overlapping where a set of questions are asked to the subjects for obtaining the data. Person to person interact is present in the interview, whereas, a paper with a set of questions is provided to the subject to answer in yes and no format in a questionnaire (Willis 2015). Quantitative Data Analysis Process There are numerous process of analyzing the collected numeric data that are clearing, coding, interpretation and presentation. All of these methods of data analysis is summed up as quantitative data analysis process (Bykztrk 2017). Research Limitations Every research has a limitation as a research cannot address everything related to the topic. Time is an important external factor that sets limit for the research. On the other hand, limitation set by the researcher is important to focus on a particular aspect of the study. Objectives of the research plays crucial role in setting limits as the research focuses in meeting the particular objectives (Veld-Merkoulova and Viteva 2016). Time Schedule Main activities/ stages Month Jan 2017 Month Jun 2017 Month Dec 2017 Month Jan 2018 Month Jun 2018 Month Dec 2018 Selection of topic Collecting data from secondary sources Constructing the research layout Literature review Development of research Plan Selection of Appropriate Research Techniques Primary data collection Analysis Interpretation of Data which are collected Conclusion Development of Draft Final Work submission Conclusion Numerous researches have been conducted on the management challenges faced in a global team. Many of them suggest various mechanisms to tackle with the issue in hand. However, all the researches focus on the manager or the leader of a global team to address the issue. Non executive staffs are not given priority I any of the researches. Hence, it is a great topic to carry forward. The hypothesis is formed to identify the importance of non executive members of the team in handling the challenges face by them. Research questions re formed in a compact manner to address the objective of the research. The proposed methodologies are essential to carry out the research in a structured fashion. The time limit is set to two years for successful completion of the project. References Araujo, A. (2009). Implementing global virtual teams to enhance cross-border transfer of knowledge in multinational enterprises: a resource-based view.International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations, 6(2), p.161. Bykztrk, ?., 2017. Sosyal bilimler iin veri analizi el kitab?.Pegem At?f ?ndeksi, pp.1-213. Caligiuri, P. (2012).Cultural Agility: Building a Pipeline of Successful Global Professionals. Jossey Bass Inc. Dixon, K. and Panteli, N. (2010). From virtual teams to virtuality in teams.Human Relations, 63(8), pp.1177-1197. Gibson, C. and Gibbs, J. (2006). Unpacking the Concept of Virtuality: The Effects of Geographic Dispersion, Electronic Dependence, Dynamic Structure, and National Diversity on Team Innovation.Administrative Science Quarterly, 51(3), pp.451-495. Hansen, T., Hope, A. and Moehler, R. (2012). Managing Geographically Dispersed Teams: From Temporary to Permanent Global Virtual Teams.SSRN Electronic Journal. Kelley, E. (2011). Keys to Effective Virtual Global Teams.Academy of Management Executive, 15(2), pp.132-133. Marshall, B., Cardon, P., Poddar, A. and Fontenot, R., 2013. Does sample size matter in qualitative research?: A review of qualitative interviews in IS research.Journal of Computer Information Systems,54(1), pp.11-22. Magdaleno, G. and Kleiner, B. (2016). Global Trends in Managing Cultural Diversity.Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 3(4), pp.31-36. McDonald, C.M., Henricson, E.K., Abresch, R.T., Florence, J., Eagle, M., Gappmaier, E., Glanzman, A.M., Spiegel, R., Barth, J., Elfring, G. and Reha, A., 2013. The 6?minute walk test and other clinical endpoints in duchenne muscular dystrophy: Reliability, concurrent validity, and minimal clinically important differences from a multicenter study.Muscle nerve,48(3), pp.357-368. Orhan, M. (2014). Extending the Individual Level of Virtuality: Implications of Task Virtuality in Virtual and Traditional Settings.Administrative Sciences, 4(4), pp.400-412. Palthe, J. (2014). Cross-Level Cultural Congruence: Implications For Managing Diversity In Multinational Corporations.Journal of Diversity Management (JDM), 9(1), p.51. Schaufeli, W.B., Maslach, C. and Marek, T. eds., 2017.Professional burnout: Recent developments in theory and research. Taylor Francis. Veld-Merkoulova, Y. and Viteva, S., 2016. Conclusions, Limitations and Future Research. InCarbon Finance(pp. 129-131). Springer International Publishing. Willis, G.B., 2015.Analysis of the cognitive interview in questionnaire design. Oxford University Press.